El águila y la serpiente

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute...

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute...

La alianza entre España y Francia para apoyar la independencia de los colonos angloamericanos dio lugar a que Carlos III declara la guerra a Gran Bretaña en 1779. La conflagración transformó el comercio de Nueva España con la metrópoli, Filipinas, las Antillas y, en particular, el Pacífico hispanoamericano. Guillermina del Valle analiza los beneficios excepcionales que obtuvieron los mercaderes de la ciudad de México que intercambiaron géneros europeos y asiáticos por cacao de Guayaquil y plata andina durante el conflicto, a partir del estudio de los negocios de los vizcaínos...

Quinto y la crisis de la alcabala (1580-1600) intenta comprender la lógica del desarrolló de este capítulo que la historiografía ecuatoriana juzga a menudo decisivo para el devenir nacional, pero que no ha sido jamás objeto de un estudio preciso. A pesar de la enorme cantidad de documentos de origen diverso que existen sobre el tema, nada nuevo se había hecho desde González Suárez y su célebre Historia General de la República del Ecuador. Bernard Lavallé reconstruve el juego complejo de los diversos elementos de una coyuntura que, en el marco del virreinato de Lima en una época...