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Manuscript circular ofrelating to military assistance from "our generous neighbor to the North" [i.e. the United States]] during the Mexican war of independence and informing the insurgents of the arrival numerous ships and the names of their captains including the ship El Tigre loaded with 3000 barrels of gunpowder. Rayó́n adds that the allied ships have already captured three European ships from Veracruz to Tuxpan.

In "La muerte de Artemio Cruz" we are present in the last moments of the lif e of a powerful man, one who was a revolutionary soldier, a lover without passion, and a father without a family. Carlos Fuentes reveals in this novel the thoughts of an elderly man who can no longer fend for himself; the man is confronted with an imminent and torturous death, but his will does not allow him to be defeated.

"Las personas que vivieron y lucharon por la independencia del país, hace mas de 200 años, eran tan humanos como tú y también luchaban contra problemas de las vida diaria, como ir a comprar cosas, trabajar, vestirse, jugar, comer, bañarse y hasta consutar al doctor." -- page [4] of cover.

Orígenes del estancamiento del siglo XIX, 1780-1820. La depresión económica inmediata y sus secuelas, 1820-1840. Recuperación lenta y gradual (1850 a 1870). El Porfiriato. Integración del mercado y expansión económica (1880-1913).